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Termites are not as likely to be attacked by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, as they are usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. Some of them include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and a high number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great stress. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. For instance, certain species feed on the timber constructions they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate to other soldiers and a tiny force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, employees appear in large numbers at the site. The third phase is indicated by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of employees.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour within an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently results in agonistic behavior towards each other, resulting in fights. These fights can lead to mortality on both sides and, in some situations, the gain or reduction of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the area and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between this article two opponents does not always occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and die, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with all the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are used in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common way of communicating is through antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that are transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted from the check this sternal gland, and gender pheromones derive from two glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal residue or runways that are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any particular construction job. Individual termites react rather than think, but at a set level, they exhibit a type of collective cognition. Particular structures or other items like pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to begin building.
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The result is a self-organised procedure whereby the information that directs termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.